Erosive Effect of Analgesics on Primary Tooth Enamel - An in Vitro Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate in vitro erosive effect of analgesics on primary tooth enamel. Material and Methods: The pH and the titratable acidity measurements of the medicines were performed in triplicate using a digital pH meter. Enamel slabs of primary teeth flat and polished were selected by initial surface microhardness analysis. Medications were selected and specimens were assigned into five groups (n=12): Dalsy; Magnopyrol; Paracetamol; Tylenol; and distilled water (negative control). Specimens were immersed in 5 ml of each group solution for 30 min, 4x/day for three days and stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C between immersions and at night. Final microhardness was determined. The data were submitted to Oneway ANOVA and Tukey's test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed in three specimens of each group. Results: Medicines showed acidic pH and mean values of titratable acidity ranged from 1.46 to 11.66 ml of 0.1N NaOH. The mineral loss of Magnopyrol was statistically significant in relation to the control group (p<0.01). Magnopyrol showed higher values when compared to Tylenol (p<0.05). SEM images displayed microstructure alterations in the Paracetamol group. Conclusion: Despite the low pH values, only Magnopyrol showed greater enamel softening. Paracetamol demonstrated morphological changes in primary tooth enamel (AU).

Pasta de hidróxido de calcio/yodoformo en pulpectomías de dientes deciduos: Reporte de caso con seguimiento de seis meses / Calcium hydroxide/iodoform paste in primary teeth pulpectomies: a case report with six-month follow-up

Resumen Introducción: Las pastas de obturación a base de hidróxido de calcio/yodoformo han demostrado buenos resultados en pulpectomías de dientes primarios. Objetivos: describir el desempeño de una pasta de hidróxido de calcio/yodoformo (Calplus®) mediante la evaluación clínica y radiográfica en pulpectomias durante 6 meses. Metodología: Un paciente de sexo masculino de 2 años de edad acudió a la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima-Perú. Durante la evaluación clínica se diagnosticó caries de infancia temprana. Tratamientos preventivos y restauradores fueron realizados. Las pulpectomias fueron obturadas con (Calplus®). Para evaluar el desempeño, las pulpectomías fueron acompañadas durante 1, 3 y 6 meses mediante exámenes clínicos y radiográficos examinando dolor, movilidad patológica, alteraciones de tejido blando, rarefacción ósea, y reabsorción radicular patológica. Al tercer mes de seguimiento solo se observó contorno gingival alterado. Conclusiones: La pasta a base de hidróxido de calcio/yodoformo (Calplus®) demostró buen desempeño en pulpectomías de dientes primarios considerando aspectos clínicos y radiográficos después de 6 meses de seguimiento.

Abstract Introduction*: Calcium hydroxide/iodoform is a root canal filling material that have shown good results in pulpectomies of primary teeth. Objective: Describe the performance of a calcium hydroxide/iodoform (Calplus®) root canal filling material considering clinical and radiographic outcomes after 6 months follow-up. Methods: A 2-year-old male patient attended the Dental Clinic of Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima-Perú. Oral clinical examination showed early childhood caries. Preventive and restoration treatments were carried out. Pulpectomies were performed with Calplus®. To evaluate pulpectomies performance it was examined clinical and radiographic outcomes: pain, pathological mobility, soft tissue disorders, bone rarefaction and pathological root resorption. The clinical and radiographic findings at 1, 3, and 6 months were assessed. After three months, it was only observed altered gingival contour. Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide/ iodoform (Calplus®) root canal filling material showed good success rate in primary teeth pulpectomies considering clinical and radiographic outcomes after 6 months follow-up.

Use of Antibiotics in early Childhood and Dental Enamel Defects in 6- to 12-year-old Children in Primary Health Care / Uso de antibióticos na primeira infância e defeitos de esmalte dentário em crianças de 6 a 12 anos na Atenção Primária à Saúde

ABSTRACT Dental enamel defects (DED) are lesions that occur due several factors. Proper care is needed to promote their treatment and prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of DED in permanent teeth of children who used antimicrobial drugs in the first four years of life. This is a crosssectional study carried out in a Primary Health Care (PHC) service, which included children from six to 12 years of age. DED were evaluated by oral examination, and data on the use of antimicrobials in early childhood were collected based on medical records. Data were analyzed with the chisquare test and Fisher's exact test. The sample included 144 children. In relation to DED, 50% (72) and 20.1% (29) presented opacity and hypoplasia, respectively. Amoxicillin was the most frequently prescribed drug, followed by sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim. Among the children, 78.5% (113) were prescribed antimicrobial drugs at least once during the first 4 years of life, and 55% (79) of them presented some type of DED. There was no statistically significant association between the variables analyzed. In conclusion, there was high prevalence of children with DED, and amoxicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic.

RESUMO Os defeitos do esmalte dentário (DED) são lesões que ocorrem devido a vários fatores e é necessária atenção para promover seu tratamento e prevenção. O objetivo foi avaliar a ocorrência de DED em dentes permanentes de crianças que usaram antimicrobianos nos primeiros quatro anos de vida. Tratase de um estudo transversal realizado em um serviço de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), que incluiu crianças de seis a 12 anos de idade. A DED foi avaliada por dados de exames bucais, e os dados sobre o uso de antimicrobiano na primeira infância foram coletados com base em prontuários médicos. A análise foi realizada com o teste do quiquadrado e o teste exato de Fisher. A amostra foi composta por 144 crianças. Em relação ao DED, 50%(72) e 20,1%(29) apresentaram opacidade e hipoplasia, respectivamente. A amoxicilina foi o medicamento prescrito com mais freqüência, seguido pelo sulfametoxazol+ trimetoprim. Entre as crianças, 78,5%(113) receberam medica mentos antimicrobianos pelo menos uma vez nos primeiros 4 anos de vida e 55%(79) deles apresentaram algum tipo de DED. Não houve associação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis analisadas. Em conclusão, houve uma alta prevalência de crianças com DED e a amoxicilina foi o antibiótico mais comumente prescrito.

Dental anomalies in the deciduous dentition of non-syndromic oral clefts patients / Anomalias dentárias na dentição decídua de pacientes com fissuras orais não sindrômicas

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies in complete deciduous dentition of children with NSCL/P. Methods: this study included 75 children with NSCL/P and 286 healthy control. In both groups the children had deciduous dentition with ages varying from 4 to 6 years. Clinical examination, panoramic and periapical radiographies were performed and dental anomalies of number and shape were considered. Results: there was a higher prevalence of dental anomalies in the case group, compared to the control group. In all, 42 dental anomalies were identified, 25.33% in the case group and 8.04% in control group (p<0.001). Therewas a higher frequency of dental anomalies in NSCL/P (47.36%), followed by non-syndromic cleft lip (31.57%) and non-syndromic cleft palate (21.05%). The occurrence of agenesis (p= 0.005) and twinning (p = 0.029) were higher in the case group. Conclusions: the occurrence of agenesis and dental twinning was more frequent in the case group and may contribute to the definition of oral cleft subphenotype.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias na dentição decídua completa de crianças com FL/PNS. Métodos: este estudo incluiu 75 crianças com FL/PNS e 286 controles saudáveis. Em ambos os grupos as crianças tinham dentição decídua com idade variando de 4 a 6 anos. Exame clínico, radiografias panorâmicas e periapicais foram realizadas e anomalias dentárias de número e forma foram consideradas. Resultados: houve maior prevalência de anomalias dentárias no grupo caso, comparado ao grupo controle. Ao todo 42 anomalias dentárias foram identificadas, 25,33% no grupo caso e 8,04% no grupo controle (p<0,001). Houve maior frequência de anomalias dentárias na FL/PNS (47,36%), seguida da fissura labial não sindrômica (31,57%) e da fissura palatina não sindrômica (21,05%). A ocorrência de agenesia (p= 0,005) e geminação (p=0,029) foram maiores no grupo caso. Conclusão: a ocorrência de agenesia e geminação dentária foram mais frequentes no grupo caso e pode contribuir para a definição de subfenótipos de fissuras orais.

Frequency and Characteristics of Mesiodens in Indian School Children: A Retrospective Radiographic Study

Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency and characteristics of mesiodens in Indian school children. Material and Methods: 1232 radiographs of patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of the age group of 4-15 years studied for the present retrospective study. The intraoral periapical radiographs and occlusal radiographs of the premaxilla were examined to determine the presence of mesiodens. The data regarding the presence of mesiodens, number, position, location on the arch, shape and associated complications were recorded. Results: Eleven patients had 14 mesiodens, with a frequency of 0.8%. The ratio of boys to girls was 1.2:1. Maximum mesiodens observed in the age group of 7-9 years. Most of the mesiodens were conical in shape and found on the palatal side. Fifty percent of the mesiodens were unerupted. The majority of patients (57.1%) had vertically positioned mesiodens. Midline diastema was the most common complication due to mesiodens (66.7%). Conclusion: Routine check-up during the primary dentition and mixed dentition stages helps for early detection of mesiodens and thus preventing complications. Early identification is useful for planning comprehensive management, initiating proper consultation and referral for evaluation and treatment.

Alveólisis de diente primario / Alveólise em dente decíduo / Alveolysis in deciduous tooth

La alveólisis es una condición poco frecuente y asintomática. Se produce cuando la raíz del diente primario se vuelve susceptible a la presencia de placa bacteriana y a la formación de cálculos, impidiendo el proceso de cicatrización espontánea de la lesión, causando inflamación e irritación de la mucosa circundante. Las principales causas de la alveólisis son la caries dental y el trauma dentoalveolar. El tratamiento de la alveólisis, generalmente se indica la extracción inmediata. El presente casotrabajo tiene como objetivo describir un reporte de caso de una paciente de género femenino, de 5 años de edad, que presentó alveólisis en el diente primario 51, el cual fue extraído y presentó proceso de cicatrización normal con erupción del diente sucesor 11 sin alteraciones. Cabe al cirujano dentista la búsqueda por informaciones sobre esta patología, saber identificarla y tratarla precozmente, para así mejorar significativamente la calidad de vida de la paciente infantil.

A alveólise é um condição não muito frequente e assintomática. Ocorre quando a raiz do dente torna-se suscetível à presença de biofilme e formação de cálculos, impedindo o processo de cicatrização espontânea da lesão, causando inflamação e irritação da mucosa circundante. As principais causas da alveólise são a cárie dentária e o trauma dentoalveolar. O tratamento da alveólise, geralmente é a exodontia do elemento dentário afetado. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um relato de caso de uma criança do gênero feminino, de 5 anos de idade, que apresentou alveólise no elemento dentário 51, o qual foi extraído e apresentou processo de cicatrização normal com irrompimento do elemento 11 sem alterações. Cabe ao cirurgião-dentista a busca pelas informações sobre essa patologia, sabendo identificá-la e trata-la precocemente, para melhorar significativamente a qualidade de vida da criança.

Alveolysis is an asymptomatic and infrequent condition. It occurs when the root of the tooth becomes susceptible to the presence of biofilm and formation of calculi, preventing the process of spontaneous wound healing, causing inflammation and irritation of the surrounding mucosa. The main causes of alveolysis are dental caries and dentoalveolar trauma. In the treatment of alveolysis, immediate exodontia is usually indicated. The present study aims to present a case report of a 5 - year - old female child with alveolysis of primary tooth 51, which was extracted and showed a normal healing process with eruption of successor tooth 11 without alterations. It is up to the dentist to search for information about this pathology, knowing how to identify it and treat it early to significantly improve the child's quality of life.

Factores de riesgo maternos y neonatales asociados al retardo de la dentición temporal / Maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with the temporary teething delay

Se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional, de casos y controles, en niños de los círculos infantiles Pétalos de Rosa y La Espiguita, pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico Docente Armando García Aspurú de Santiago de Cuba, durante el período de febrero de 2015 a marzo de 2016, con vistas a determinar los factores maternos y neonatales asociados al retraso en la aparición de dientes temporales. La población quedó conformada por 150 niños de 2do a 4to años de vida, de los cuales se tomaron 2 controles (N=100) por cada caso (N=50). En la serie se obtuvo asociación estadísticamente significativa de las variables estado nutricional de la madre, ganancia de peso de la madre, enfermedades maternas, lactancia materna y peso del niño al nacer, con la alteración del brote dentario temporal en los niños. Se recomendó realizar intervenciones educativas en los círculos infantiles y las comunidades para apoyar el trabajo del médico de la familia

An analytic, observational, of cases and controls study, in children from Pétalos de Rosa and La Espiguita day care centers, belonging to the health area of Armando García Aspurú Teaching Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, during February, 2015 to March, 2016, aimed at determining the maternal and neonatal factors associated with the delay in the emergence of the temporary teeth. The population was conformed by 150 children from 2nd to 4th years of life, from whom 2 controls were taken (N=100) for each case (N=50). In the series a statistically significant association of the variables mother's nutritional state, mother's weight gain, maternal diseases, breast feeding and child birth weight was obtained, with the disorder of the temporary teething eruption in the children. It was suggested to carry out educational interventions in the day care centers and communities to support the family doctor's work

Chronology of the First Deciduous Tooth Eruption in Brazilian Children with Microcephaly Associated with Zika Virus: A Longitudinal Study

Objective: To analyze the chronology of first deciduous tooth eruption in children with microcephaly associated with presumed or confirmed Zika virus. Material and Methods: A longitudinal study was developed with 74 children of both sexes. Data on prematurity, gestational age (in weeks), anthropometric characteristics at birth [length (cm), weight (g) and cephalic perimeter (cm)] and dental eruption (chronological age and corrected age for prematurity in months) were collected and presented through descriptive statistics. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: The majority of children were female (54.1%) and 14.9% were born premature. The mean gestational age was 38.2 (± 1.9) weeks, while length, weight and cephalic perimeter at birth were 45.6 (± 3.1) cm, 2750 (± 526.6) and 30 (± 2.3) cm, respectively. The eruption of the first tooth occurred on average at 12.3 (± 3.0) months of chronological age and at 11.1 (± 2.3) months of corrected age. The first erupted teeth were the lower deciduous central incisors (82.4%). The mean age for dental eruption in males was 12.5 months (± 3.0) and in females 12.0 months (± 3.1) among full-term children. For premature infants, the mean corrected age of dental eruption was 11.5 months (± 3.4) for boys and 11 months (± 1.7) for girls. Conclusion: In this group of children with microcephaly, the first tooth to erupt was the lower central incisor around the first year of life. Girls had lower average eruption time when compared to boys in both chronological age and age corrected for prematurity.

Agenesis of mandibular second premolar in patient with dental bimaxillary protrusion

ABSTRACT The present study reports the treatment carried out in a patient with mandibular second premolar agenesis associated with early loss of a deciduous second molar, deep overbite, severe overjet and dentoalveolar bimaxillary protrusion, which led to lip incompetence and a convex facial profile. The main objectives of this treatment were: to eliminate the spaces in mandibular arch, correct overbite, as well as eliminate bimaxillary protrusion and lip incompetence, thus leading to a balanced profile. The case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the requirements to obtain the title of BBO diplomate.

RESUMO O presente caso clínico relata o tratamento de uma paciente com agenesia de segundo pré-molar inferior associada à perda precoce do segundo molar decíduo, sobremordida profunda, sobressaliência exagerada e biprotrusão dentoalveolar, que causavam incompetência labial e perfil facial convexo. Os objetivos do tratamento foram eliminar os espaços presentes na arcada inferior, corrigir a sobremordida, eliminar a biprotrusão e a incompetência labial, harmonizando o perfil. Esse caso foi apresentado ao Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO) como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Diplomado pelo BBO.

Prevalencia de defectos de desarrollo del esmalte en dentición temporal, en una población bogotana / Prevalence of developmental defects of the enamel in primary dentition in a bogotan population

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar en un área con fluorización sistémica, la prevalencia de defectos de desarrollo del esmalte en dentición temporal de niños/niñas entre 4 y 6 años de un colegio público de Bogotá, Colombia. Método En 153 escolares se realizó muestreo aleatorio simple obteniendo 62 niños sistémicamente sanos en quienes se valoraron clínica y detalladamente los dientes. La examinadora fue calibrada con una experta en el índice modificado de Defectos de Desarrollo del Esmalte de la Federación Dental Internacional obteniendo Kappa interexaminador de 0,9 e intraexaminador de 0,8. Se contó con consentimiento informado y aprobación del estudio por parte del Comité de Ética de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional. Resultados La prevalencia de DDE fue de 74,2 % (IC 95 % 62,1-83,4) distribuidos en: opacidades demarcadas 86,9 % (IC 95 % 74,3-93,3), opacidades difusas 76,1 % (IC 95 % 62,4-85,7) e hipoplasias 2,2 % (IC 95 % 0,4-11,1). La combinación de defectos más frecuente en un mismo individuo fue opacidades demarcadas y difusas. El maxilar más afectado fue el superior 54,6 % y los dientes más comprometidos fueron los segundos molares 56 %. El promedio de dientes afectados con DDE por individuo fue de 4,7 ± DE 2,6. Conclusiones La alta prevalencia de defectos de desarrollo del esmalte encontrada, así la severidad haya sido baja, debe alertar a órganos decisores en salud para ejercer controles orientados a prevenirlos. Se deben realizar más estudios con metodologías estandarizadas para llegar a conocer la prevalencia global de los defectos.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To determine in an area with systemic fluoridation, the prevalence of development of enamel defects in children's primary teeth between 4-6 years old from a public school in Bogota, Colombia. Method A simple random sample was conducted in 153 students, obtaining 62 healthy children, detailed dental clinical assesment were performed in them. The examiner was calibrated by an expert in the modified index of Dental Enamel Defects from the International Dental Federation obtaining a kappa inter-examiner and intra-examiner measures of 0.9 and 0.8, respectively. An informed consent and approval of the study by the Ethical Committee of the School of Dentistry at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia were obtained. Results The prevalence of dental enamel defects was 74.2 % (62.1 - 83.4) 95 % CI, distributed in: demarcated opacities 86.9 % (74.3-93.3) 95 % CI, diffuse opacities 76.1 % (62.4-85.7) 95 % CI and hypoplasia 2.2 % (0.4-11.1) 95 % CI. The most frequent combination of defects in an individual was demarcated and diffuse opacities. The most affected maxilla was the superior 54.6 % and the most compromised teeth were the second molar 56 %. The average teeth affected with dental enamel defects per individual was 4.7 ± SD 2.6. Conclusions The high prevalence of dental enamel defects found, despite low severity, suggests more attention of the health authorities leading preventive programs. More studies should be done with standardized methodologies in order to estimate the overall prevalence of the defects.(AU)

Fragile X syndrome: panoramic radiographic evaluation of dental anomalies, dental mineralization stage, and mandibular angle

ABSTRACT Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a disorder linked to the chromosome X long arm (Xq27.3), which is identified by a constriction named fragile site. It determines various changes, such as behavioral or emotional problems, learning difficulties, and intellectual disabilities. Craniofacial abnormalities such as elongated and narrow face, prominent forehead, broad nose, large and prominent ear pavilions, strabismus, and myopia are frequent characteristics. Regarding the oral aspects, deep and high-arched palate, mandibular prognathism, and malocclusion are also observed. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental radiographic characteristics as described in 40 records of patients with panoramic radiography. Material and Methods: The patients were in the range of 6–17 years old, and were divided into two groups (20 subjects who were compatible with the normality standard and 20 individuals diagnosed with the FXS), which were matched for gender and age. Analysis of the panoramic radiographic examination involved the evaluation of dental mineralization stage, mandibular angle size, and presence of dental anomalies in both deciduous and permanent dentitions. Results: The results of radiographic evaluation demonstrated that the chronology of tooth eruption of all third and second lower molars is anticipated in individuals with FXS (p<0.05). In this group, supernumerary deciduous teeth (2.83%), giroversion of permanent teeth (2.31%), and partial anodontia (1.82%) were the most frequent dental anomalies. In addition, an increase was observed in the mandibular angle size in the FXS group (p<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that knowledge of dental radiographic changes is of great importance for dental surgeons to plan the treatment of these individuals.

Tratamento endodôntico em molar decíduo com fistula no palato - relato de caso / Endodontic treatment of deciduous molar with palatine fistula - case report

A realização da Endodontia em decíduos com comprometimento pulpar é importante, uma vez que a permanência destes na cavidade bucal servirá de guia para a erupção dos permanentes sucessores. Ocorre que quando a lesão endodôntica não é tratada e se estende além da polpa coronária pode surgir uma fístula, sinal clínico de que na região existe infecção em atividade. A incidência de fístula no palato em crianças é rara. O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar um caso clínico de tratamento endodôntico radical realizado em molar superior decíduo com presença de fístula. Paciente infantil, gênero feminino, 3 anos, apresentava inicialmente edema facial no lado esquerdo e dor de grande intensidade. O dente 64 tinha uma restauração com recidiva de cárie e polpa necrosada com fístula no palato, levando ao diagnóstico de abscesso dentoalveolar agudo. Foi feito como urgência cirurgia de acesso e localização dos condutos radiculares com uso de formocresol como medicação e o dente foi restaurado provisoriamente. Retorno após 7 dias, com sensível melhora do quadro clínico. Com respeito às técnicas de manejo do comportamento infantil, na sequência foi realizado um eficiente preparo biomecânico e obturação com cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol. A restauração definitiva foi feita com resina composta após 7 dias. Controle após 8 meses não apresentou alterações clínicas ou radiográficas. A manutenção de elementos decíduos na arcada permite completar seu ciclo biológico e proporcionar condições apropriadas para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das bases apicais e do sucessor permanente.

Endodontics in deciduous teeth with compromised pulp is important, since their permanence in the oral cavity will guide the permanent successor eruption. When the endodontic lesion is not treated it extends beyond the coronary pulp and a fistula may appear indicating a clinical sign of infection activity in this site. The incidence of palatal fistula in children is rare. The aim of this paper was to report a clinical case of endodontic treatment performed in a deciduous superior molar presenting fistula. A 3-year-old female patient presented facial edema on the left side and great intensity pain. Dental element 64 was restored. However, it had recurrence of decay and pulpal necrosis with palatal fistula, leading to diagnosis of acute dentoalveolar abscess. As an urgency procedure, access surgery and location of radicular canals were made and formocresol used as an interappointment dressing in pulpectomy with temporary restoration. There was an improvement in her clinical state after 7 days. Respecting the management of infant behavior, it was performed an efficient biomechanical instrumentation and filling with zinc oxide eugenol cement. Definitive restoration was made with composite after 7 days. After 8 months there was no clinical or radiographic worsening. The permanence of deciduous teeth in the dental arches allows the end of their biological cycle and provides appropriate conditions to apical bases growing and development including the permanent successor teeth.

Enamel defects frequency in deciduous teeth

Developmental defects of the enamel are the result of alterations during amelogenesis due to hereditary, systemic or environmental factors. The present study was done to determine the frequency of developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth at Children Hospital PIMS, Islamabad from February 2011 to January 2012. The study was cross sectional and sample comprised of 300 children, which included 182 [60.7%] males and 118 [39.3%] females. The mean age of the studied population was 3.63 +/- 1.05 years. Enamel defects were present in 115 [38.3%] children. Out of 182 males 69 [37.9%] males and out of 118 females,46 [38.9%] females had enamel defect; thus frequency of enamel defect was not significantly different between the two genders [p=0.852]. The mean age of the children with enamel defect was 3.74 +/- 1.00 and mean age of children without enamel defect was 3.55 +/- 1.06 years respectively. This difference was not statistically significant [p=0.124]. Frequency of enamel defect was significantly higher among families with higher income categories [p=0.020].Out of 300 children, 185 [61.7%] had normal enamel, 5 [1%] had only demarcated opacity, 9 [3%] had only diffuse opacity, 80 [26.7%] had only hypoplasia, 3 [1%] had demarcatead diffuse opacity, 3 [1%] had demarcated opacity with hypoplasia, 13 [4.3%] had diffuse opacity with hypoplasia and 2 [0.7%] had all three defects. Present study concluded that more than one third of the children had developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth and most frequent lesion was enamel hypoplasia

Características de las “otras formas” de Nagano de fosas y fisuras de molares temporales / Features of other shapes of Nagano of pit and fissures in primary molars

En la literatura existen reportes sobre las diversas formas de las fosas y fisuras demolares permanentes y premolares. Se conocen las características de éstas y se da por hecho que las estructuras dentales son semejantes en ambas denticiones. Por lo que es necesario abordar el estudio de las características del esmalte de la dentición temporal. Objetivo: Cuantificar la frecuencia de cada forma y profundidad de fosas y fisuras de molares temporales de la clasificación de Nagano. Material y métodos: En un estudio observacional descriptivo ex vivo se analizó una muestra obenida por donación de 101 cortes correspondientes a 67 coronas de molares temporales sin cariesconservadas en agua destilada, pertenecientes a niños mexicanos aparentemente sanos. Las va riables forma y profundidad se identificaron al microscopio estereoscópico por un solo observador (k=.8624). El grosor de los cortes obtenidos por el método de desgaste midieron en promedio 5mm. Resultados: El 28.71% de las fosas y fisuras identificadas corresponden al grupo 5 Características de las “otras formas” de Nagano de fosas y fisuras de molares temporales Features of “other shapes” of Nagano of pit and fissures in primary molars Artículo Original Esther Vaillard Jiménez 1 Enrique E.Huitzil Muñoz Aída Ortega Cambranis 3 S. Abril García Damián 41 Maestra en Estomatología Pediátrica. FEBUAP (México) 2 Maestro en Educación Superior. FEBUAP (México) 3 Maestra en Fisiología. FEBUAP (México) 4 Alumna egresada de la Maestría en C’s estomatológicas en Pediátrica Facultad de Estomatología de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla.

In literature there are reports on the various forms of pits and fissures of permanent molars and pre molars. Their characteristics are known and it is assumed that dental structures are similar in both dentitions. So it is necessary to approach the study of the characteristics of the enamel in primary teeth. Objective: to quantify the frequency of each shape and depth of pits and fissures of molars under the Nagano classification. Material and methods: in an ex vivo observational study a sample obtained by donation of 101 courts to 67 crowns for primary molars without decay preserved in distilled ware is analyzed, this sample belongs to Mexican children with an apparent healthy shape and depth, variables were identified under the stereomicroscope by a single observer (k=8624) The thickness of the slices obtained by the method of wear measured on average o.5 mm. Results: 28.71% of the pits and fissures identified relate to group 5 Nagano. Forms were recognized: flask=4.95%, II=3.96% =3.96 Globe, drop= 3.96% = 2.97%inverted Y, delta = 2.97% and trilobulada= 2.97% zone. According to the depth were identified as medium depth = 48.51%. Deep and surface = 33.66 = 17.82%. Conclusion: There is great variety in the shape and depth of pits and fissures of molars enamel. The high percentage of undescribed forms by Nagano proves to be addressed as a research problem of morph-histological characteristics of the primary dentition.

Prevalence of mesiodens in orthodontic patients with deciduous and mixed dentition and its association with other dental anomalies

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of mesiodens in deciduous and mixed dentitions and its association with other dental anomalies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 1,995 orthodontic patients were analyzed retrospectively, obtaining a final sample of 30 patients with mesiodens. The following aspects were analyzed: gender ; number of mesiodens; proportion between erupted and non-erupted mesiodens; initial position of the supernumerary tooth; related complications; treatment plan accomplished; and associated dental anomalies. The frequency of dental anomalies in the sample was compared to reference values for the general population using the chi-square test (c²), with a significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: The prevalence of mesiodens was 1.5% more common among males (1.5:1). Most of the mesiodens were non-erupted (75%) and in a vertical position, facing the oral cavity. Extraction of the mesiodens was the most common treatment. The main complications associated with mesiodens were: delayed eruption of permanent incisors (34.28%) and midline diastema (28.57%). From all the dental anomalies analyzed, only the prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis was higher in comparison to the general population. CONCLUSION: There was a low prevalence of mesiodens (1.5%) in deciduous and mixed dentition and the condition was not associated with other dental anomalies, except for the maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

OBJETIVO: determinar a prevalência de mesiodens nos estágios de dentição decídua e mista, e verificar sua associação com outras anomalias dentárias. MÉTODOS: radiografias panorâmicas de 1.995 pacientes ortodônticos foram analisadas retrospectivamente, obtendo-se uma amostra de 30 pacientes com o mesiodens. Os seguintes aspectos foram analisados: distribuição entre os sexos, número de mesiodens; se irrompido ou não irrompido; posição; complicações; tratamento instituído, e anomalias dentárias associadas. A frequência de anomalias dentárias na amostra estudada foi comparada a valores de referência para a população em geral por meio do teste qui-quadrado (c²), com um nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: a prevalência de mesiodens foi de 1,5%, sendo mais comum no sexo masculino (1,5:1). A maior parte dos mesiodens estavam não irrompidos (75%) e numa posição vertical, voltada para a cavidade bucal. O tratamento mais empregado foi a exodontia. As principais complicações associadas ao mesiodens foram o atraso na erupção dos incisivos permanentes (34,28%) e diastema mediano (28,57%). Pacientes com mesiodens não apresentaram prevalência aumentada de microdontia, agenesia de dentes permanentes ou outros supranumerários. De todas as anomalias analisadas, apenas a prevalência de agenesia de incisivo lateral superior mostrou-se aumentada em comparação à população em geral. CONCLUSÃO: o mesiodens foi encontrado em uma prevalência baixa (1,5%) nas dentições decídua e mista, e não apresentou associação com outras anomalias dentárias, com exceção da agenesia de incisivo lateral superior.

Perinatal factors associated with developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth: a case-control study

The present study was designed to evaluate associations between developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the primary dentition and aspects related to mothers and preschoolers in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. A case-control study was carried out involving children aged three to five years. The case group was composed of 104 children with at least one dental surface affected by DDE. The control group comprised 105 children without DDE, matched for gender and age. The diagnosis of enamel defects was performed using the Developmental Defects of Enamel Index. Information was collected through interviews investigating socio-demographic aspects, gestation, birth weight, prematurity and breastfeeding. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed, providing unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (Poisson regression). DDE were more prevalent among children who had not been breastfed (PR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.1-2.2) and those whose mothers were under 24 years of age at the birth of the child (PR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9). The prevalence of DDE in the primary dentition was higher among children who had not been breastfed and those whose mothers were under 24 years of age at the birth of the child.

Single-rooted primary first molars.

Knowledge regarding the morphological variations in roots and root canals aids in successful dental treatment. However, literature regarding dysmorphology of roots in primary dentition is sparse. The purpose of this article is to present a case of bilateral primary mandibular first molars with an unusual morphology of single root. Review of literature regarding variations in root number in primary dentition has been discussed in this article. The etiology for occurrence of such variations has also been briefly reviewed.

Dilaceración de diente primario asociado a un mesiodens en niño de 4 años / Dilaceration temporary tooth associated with a mesidens in 4 year old

Dilaceración es un término utilizado para describir la distorsión que ocurre en la raíz durante el desarrollo dentario, el cual se manifiesta alterando la normal relación axial entre la corona y la raíz dentaria. La dilaceración radicular es una angulación o curvatura de la raíz dentaria. Esta alteración es frecuentemente observada en dientes permanentes como consecuencia de un traumatismo de su correspondiente temporario, con una incidencia de 3 %. En la literatura hay solamente cinco casos de dilaceración que involucran a incisivos temporarios. El propósito de este artículo fue hacer una revisión y presentar un caso clínico que fue un hallazgo radiográfico

Dilaceration is a term used to describe the distortion that occurs in the root during tooth development, which manifests itself by altering the normal axial relationship between the crown and the dental root. The root is dilaceration, angulation or curvature of the tooth root. This alteration is frequently observed in permanent teeth as a result of trauma to the corresponding temporary, with an incidence of 3%. In the literature there are only five cases involving dilaceration temporary incisors. The purpose of this article was to review and present a clinical case was a radiographic finding

[ occurrence of anomalies of primary anterior teeth and their concurrence with the permanent successors anomalies in Iranian children]

Numerous studies report the prevalence of tooth absence, extra tooth, and double tooth [fusion and germination] in anterior primary teeth as being just less than 1%. Due to low prevalence of such anomalies, little attention is paid to them. There are concrete effects on corresponding permanent teeth and developing occlusion in about 50% of these cases. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of such problems in 113 cases, and to discuss the effect of these anomalies on the permanent successors. A total of 113 cases of the different 4 types of anomalies [39 cases of fusion, 14 cases of germination, 39 cases of missing, and 21 cases of supernumerary teeth] were studied. The cases were among the patients referring to the author's private clinic during the past 20 years for whom an appropriate radiography had been performed. The cases with tooth absence due to extraction or trauma were excluded. The results of the study were descriptively analyzed and reported. In the present study, the distribution of the anomalies including 39 cases of fusion, 14 cases of germination, 39 cases of issuing, and 21 cases of supernumerary teeth based on sex, maxillary and mandibular arches, tooth type, being unilateral or bilateral, as well as the impact of each on the succeeding permanent teeth were reported. The results show that the highest prevalence of fusions was seen in the central and lateral mandibular teeth, while there was a good balance for the missing tooth in both arches. In almost 50% of the cases, the presence of fusion in primary teeth was accompanied with a missing of permanent tooth, yet in germination, the number of permanent teeth was normal. Finally, in almost half of the cases with supernumerary tooth, there was supernumerary tooth in permanent dentition. The results in this study is valuable indicating that tooth radiograph is helpful in evaluating the number of anterior permanent teeth in case such anomalies exist; Thereby, suitable treatment plans for the future could be established

Bilateral fusion of primary mandibular lateral incisors and canines: A report of a rare case / Fusão bilateral de dentes decíduos incisivo e canino inferior: relato de um caso raro

Purpose: Synodontia or fusion is a developmental anomaly of shape of tooth formed by union of two independently developing primary or secondary teeth. Prevalence of tooth fusion is estimated at 0.5-2.5% in the primary dentition and less in permanent dentition. The bilateral type of fusion in the primary dentition is rare and is about 0.02%. This paper describes a rare case of bilateral fusion of primary mandibular lateral and canine teeth. Case description: An 8 year old girl had a complaint of unusually large sized teeth in her mandible. After physical examination and use of periapical radiographs and study models bilateral fused teeth in the mandibular lateral incisor and canine region was diagnosed. Conclusion: The bilateral fusion of primary mandibular lateral and canine teeth is a rare condition and should be carefully evaluated to diagnose any associated pathology.

Objetivo: Sinodontia ou fusão é uma anomalia de desenvolvimento da forma do dente formado pela união de dois dentes decíduos ou permanentes em desenvolvimento de forma independente. A prevalência de fusão dental é estimada em 0,5 a 2,5% na dentadura decídua e menor na permanente. O tipo de fusão bilateral na dentadura decídua é rara e aproximadamente de 0,02%. Este artigo descreve um caso raro de fusão bilateral de dentes decíduos incisivos laterais e caninos inferiores. Descrição do caso: Uma menina de 8 anos de idade tinha uma queixa clínica de dentes de tamanho grande anormal em sua mandíbula. Após exame físico e uso de radiografias periapicais e modelo de estudo, a fusão bilateral de dentes decíduos incisivos laterais e caninos inferiores foi diagnosticada. Conclusão: A fusão bilateral de dentes decíduos incisivos laterais e caninos na mandíbula é uma condição rara e deve ser cuidadosamente avaliada para diagnosticar quaisquer patologias associadas.